Linnaeus, Carl

Linnaeus, Carl, or Linnaeus, Carolus,Linné, Carl von (b. Råshult, Sweden, 1707; d. Uppsala, 1778). Botany,Zoology,Geology,Medicine. Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist who invented binomial nomenclature and laid the foundations of modern biological systematics. Physician,Professor. ^{Has found:} Linnaean system of binomial nomenclature and biological systematics. ^{Carries out:} Linnaeus, Carl. Expedition to Lapland. 1732;Linnaeus, Carl. Journey abroad. 1735-1738;Linnaeus, Carl. Botanical classification of Hartekamp garden. 1735-1737.

• Education. ^{Is alumnus of:} Lund. Universitet;Harderwijk. Universiteit;Uppsala. Universitet. ^{Apprentice to:} Celsius, Olof;Rothman, Johan Stensson;Rudbeck, Olof, The Younger;Stobaeus, Kilian. ^{Teaches at:} Uppsala. Universitet ^{Mentor of:} Acharius, Erik;Adler, Carl Fredrik;Afzelius, Adam;Dahl, Anders;Dryander, Jonas Carlsson;Ehrhart, Jakob Friedrich;Fabricius, Johan Christian;Falck, Johan Peter;Forsskål, Peter;Gyllenhaal, Leonard;Hasselquist, Fredric;Kalm, Pehr;König, Johann Gerhard;Kuhn, Adam;Löfling, Pehr;Osbeck, Pehr;Rothman, Göran;Solander, Daniel Charles;Sparrman, Anders Erikson;Tengmalm, Peter Gustaf;Thunberg, Carl Peter;Vahl, Martin.
• Personal relations. ^{Parent of:} Linnaeus, Carolus, the Younger ^{Antagonist of:} Swieten, Gerard van. ^{Corresponds with:} Adanson, Michel;Burman, Johannes;Boerhaave, Hermann;Gronovius, Johan Frederik;Sauvages, François Boissier de;Swieten, Gerard van;Tessin, Carl Gustaf;Vandelli, Domenico Agostino ^{Employed by:} Burman, Johannes,Clifford, George, III ^{Friend of:} Artedi, Peter.
• Scientific views:
• Linnaean nosology (Proposal for the classification of diseases by C. Linnaeus, Area: Pathology)
• Linnaean system of binomial nomenclature and biological systematics (Area: Biology, Botany, Zoology)
• Nosology. Eighteenth-century proposals for disease classification (Early proposals for the classification of diseases, authored by C. Linnaeus, F. Boissier de Sauvages, W. Cullen and Erasmus Darwin, during the 18th-century, Area: Pathology)

Works

Published works:

	Title	Subtitle	1st ed	Citation
Hortus Cliffortianus	Hortus Cliffortianus	plantas exhibens quas in hortis tam vivis quam siccis, Hartecampi in Hollandia, coluit ... Georgius Clifford		LINNE1737A
Linnaeus, C. Flora lapponica	Flora Lapponica			LINNE1737
Linnaeus, C. Genera Morborum	Genera morborum	in auditorum usum edita a Car. v. Linné		LINNE1759 LINNE1763
Linnaeus, C. Systema naturae	Systema naturae	per regna tria naturae, secundum classses, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis		LINNE1735 LINNE1758
Linnaeus, C. Species plantarum	Species plantarum	exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas...		LINNE1753

Citations:

	Title	Address	Publisher	Year
LINNE1735	Systema naturae; sistens regna tria naturae in classes et ordines, genera et species redacta, tabulisque aeneis illustrata. Accedunt vocabula gallica.	Lugduni Batavorum	Apud T. Haak; Ex typ. J.W. de Groot	1735
LINNE1736	Fundamenta botanica quae majorum operum prodromi instar theoriam scientiae botanices per breves aphorismos tradunt	Amstelodami	apud Salomonem Schouten	1736
LINNE1737A	Hortus Cliffortianus: plantas exhibens quas in hortis tam vivis quam siccis, Hartecampi in Hollandia, coluit ... Georgius Clifford ... reductis	Amstelaedami		1737
LINNE1737B	Genera plantarum, eorumque characteres naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm et proportionem omnium fructificationis partium	Lugduni Batavorum	apud Conradum Wishoff	1737
LINNE1737	Flora lapponica exhibens plantas per Lapponiam crescentes : secundum systema sexuale collectas in itinere impensis soc. reg. litter. et	Amstelaedami	Apud S. Schouten	1737
LINNE1738	Classes plantarum : seu systemata plantarum omnia a fructificatione desumta, quorum XVI universalia & XIII patialia, compendiose proposita secundum	Lugduni Batavorum	Apud Conradum Wishoff	1738
LINNE1749	Materia medica, Liber I. de plantis. Secundum genera, loca, nomina, qualitates, vires, differentias, durationes, simplicia, modos, usus, synonyma,	Holmiae	Typis ac Sumtibus L. Salvii	1749
LINNE1753	Caroli Linnaei ... Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus,	Holmiae	Impensis Laurentii Salvii	1753
LINNE1755	C. Linnæi ... Philosophia Botanica, : in qua explicantur fundamenta botanica cum definitionibus partium, etc.	Viennæ Austriæ		1755
LINNE1758	Systema naturae. per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis,	Holmiae (Stockholm)	Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii	1758
LINNE1759	Genera morborum	Upsaliæ		1759
LINNE1763	Genera morborum, in auditorum usum	Upsaliae	C. E. Steinert,	1763
LINNE1889	Iter Lapponicum Dei gratia institutum 1732. Sumptibus Regiae Societatis Literariae et Scientiarum ad historiam naturalem Laponiae dilucidandam instructum	Stockholm	s.n.	1889
LINNE1957	Iter Lapponicum Dei gratia institutum 1732. Sumptibus Regiae Societatis Literariae et Scientiarum ad historiam naturalem Laponiae dilucidandam	Stockholm	Wahlstrom & Widstrand	1957

References

	Author	Title	Publisher	Year
BLUNT2004	Blunt, Wilfrid	The Compleat Naturalist: A Life of Linnaeus	Frances Lincoln Publishers	2002
FRANGSMYR1994	Frangsmyr, Tore Lindroth, Sten	Linnaeus: The Man and His Work	Science History Publications	1994
KOERNER2001	Koerner, Lisbet	Linnaeus: Nature and Nation	Harvard University Press	2001

Online resources:

	Type	Lang	URL
Linnaean Correspondence, The	Document - Texts	English	http://linnaeus.c18.net/.
Linnaeus Link	Document - Papers/reports/articles (individual)	English	http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/linnaeus-link/

External online references: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_von_Linné.

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